Who Owns Our Knowledge Infrastructure: Demystifying the Politics of the DOI

Angela Okune

The politics of African knowledge production do not reside only in who publishes, but in who owns and governs the infrastructures through which publishing happens. As African scholars adopt the seemingly neutral technical standards of “mainstream” global publishing systems, we enroll our work into systems of data analytics, valuation, and profit extraction that were not designed for our benefit. This data essay examines the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) as one such infrastructural device: a seemingly neutral technical standard that stabilizes scholarly communication while consolidating control over how knowledge circulates and accrues value.

Below, you will find the data. You can read each artifact's context and annotations and even annotate them yourself. You can also read my narrative.

Source Data

Analysis

Making "indigenous knowledge" legible through the classification schemes of global systems

The digital infrastructure is presented as a neutral and technical solution to knowledge management. Owango asserts, “we are literally leveraging on existing technology to produce our digital...Read more

Knowledge as a Commodity

Knowledge is repeatedly framed through a market-oriented lens. Owango asks, “What contribution does indigenous knowledge contribute to research, innovation, and commercialization?”...Read more

Obfuscation of the Players Behind the Technologies

Throughout the transcript, there is a notable absence of discussion regarding the ownership structures, financial models, and profit motives behind the infrastructures being adopted....Read more

Purpose of the DOI is to facilitate the management, sale, and tracking of IP

The article fundamentally equates knowledge with owned content, arguing that protecting and managing this ownership is critical for sustaining the publishing industry. Knowledge...Read more

Publishing as a Commercial Landscape Fraught with Risks to IP

The article presents the publishing environment as a commercial ecosystem under threat from the unregulated, “open” nature of the Internet. The DOI is introduced explicitly as a...Read more

Late Entrants to Already-Established Global Infrastructure

The Africa PID Alliance positions African actors as late entrants to an already-established global infrastructure. Joy Owango states, “Africa really needs to be part of the...Read more

Alternatives Imagine Knowledge as a Public Good

A comparison between the ARK system and the DOI makes their contrasting design logics unmistakably clear. ARK is built on the principle that knowledge should function as a public good—...Read more

Governance of DOIs

The stakeholders involved (Sun Microsystems, the International DOI Foundation, R.R. Bowker, and elite U.S. universities) reflect a closed circle of influential Western institutions....Read more

Alternative PIDs exist that can foster greater participation without dependency on external entitites

The ARK framework and technical design encourages local institutions to take an active role in managing their identifiers, reducing dependence on global infrastructures. This has...Read more